From forest to savanna and back to forest: Evolutionary history of the genus Dimorphandra (Fabaceae).

The tree genus Dimorphandra (Fabaceae), which contains 26 species divided into three subgenera, was studied using DNA sequence data from six chloroplast genome regions (cpDNA) and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The analyses, which included Bayesian phylogenies and haplotype networks, ancestral area reconstructions, and ecological niche modeling, allowed for exploring the evolutionary history of Dimorphandra. Within the subgenus Phaneropsia, the cpDNA sequence data were more closely-related to species from the genus Mora, while the ITS sequence data displayed a closer phylogenetic relationship with the subgenus Pocillum. This incongruence may be due to incomplete lineage sorting associated with ancient polymorphisms. The Amazonian Dimophandra lineages were highly polymorphic and divergent, while those from the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest had low levels of polymorphisms. The Amazon likely gave rise to the Dimophandra lineage that produced the Cerrado species, while a Cerrado lineage likely gave rise to the Atlantic Forest species. Habitat shifts were identified as a key factor in shaping the late evolutionary history of Dimorphandra.

Does a patient with acquired arbovirus infection have a hearing impairment? A scoping review of hearing changes in an adult with Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika.

OBJECTIVES: To identify and understand the evidence regarding hearing changes related to acquired Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus infection in adult individuals. METHODS: A scoping review was performed according to the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute and guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in the Embase, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without restriction on language and year of publication. Case studies, observational studies, and clinical trials reporting hearing loss in adult subjects (>18-60 years of age) of both sexes with DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV diagnosed by positive molecular/serological examination by RT-PCR or IgM/IgG by ELISA method were included. RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The occurrence of auditory symptoms caused by arboviroses and the presence of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss was variable in adults. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika infections in adults are associated with a variety of auditory symptoms. The frequency of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss is low but not negligible.

Does a patient with acquired arbovirus infection have a hearing impairment? A scoping review of hearing changes in an adult with Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika

Abstract Objectives To identify and understand the evidence regarding hearing changes related to acquired Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika virus infection in adult individuals. Methods A scoping review was performed according to the recommendations of The Joanna Briggs Institute and guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews in the Embase, PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without restriction on language and year of publication. Case studies, observational studies, and clinical trials reporting hearing loss in adult subjects (>18-60 years of age) of both sexes with DENV, CHIKV, or ZIKV diagnosed by positive molecular/serological examination by RT-PCR or IgM/IgG by ELISA method were included. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The occurrence of auditory symptoms caused by arboviroses and the presence of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss was variable in adults. Conclusions Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika infections in adults are associated with a variety of auditory symptoms. The frequency of permanent or transient sensorineural hearing loss is low but not negligible.

Genome-wide survey and evolutionary history of the pectin methylesterase (PME) gene family in the Dothideomycetes class of fungi.

Once deposited in the plant cell wall, pectin undergoes demethylesterification by endogenous pectin methylesterases (PMEs), which play various roles in growth and development, including defense against pathogen attacks. Pathogen PMEs can alter pectin's methylesterification pattern, increasing its susceptibility to degradation by other fungal pectinases and thus playing a critical role as virulence factors during early infection stages. To investigate the evolutionary history of PMEs in the Dothideomycetes class of fungi, we obtained genomic data from 15 orders (79 species) and added genomic data from 61 isolates of Corynespora cassiicola. Our analyses involved maximum likelihood phylogenies, gene genealogies, and selection analyses. Additionally, we measured PME gene expression levels of C. cassiicola using soybean as a host through RT-qPCR assays. We recovered 145 putative effector PMEs and 57 putative non-effector PMEs from across the Dothideomycetes. The PME gene family exhibits a small size (up to 5 members per genome) and comprises three major clades. The evolutionary patterns of the PME1 and PME2 clades were largely shaped by duplications and recurring gene retention events, while biased gene loss characterized the small-sized PME3 clade. The presence of five members in the PME gene family of C. cassiicola suggests that the family may play a key role in the evolutionary success of C. cassiicola as a polyphagous plant pathogen. The haplogroups Cc_PME1.1 and Cc_PME1.2 exhibited an accelerated rate of evolution, whereas Cc_PME2.1, Cc_PME2.2, and Cc_PME2.3 seem to be under strong purifying selective constraints. All five PME genes were expressed during infection of soybean leaves, with the highest levels during from six to eight days post-inoculation. The highest relative expression level was measured for CC_29_g7533, a member of the Cc_PME2.3 clade, while the remaining four genes had relatively lower levels of expression.

The necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like protein (NLP) gene family of the plant pathogen Corynespora cassiicola.

Effectors are secreted by plant-associated microorganisms to modify the host cell physiology. As effectors, the Necrosis- and Ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) are involded in the early phases of plant infection and may trigger host immune responses. Corynespora cassiicola is a polyphagous plant pathogen that causes target spot on many agriculturally important crops. Using genome assembly, gene prediction, and proteome annotation tools, we retrieved 135 NLP-encoding genes from proteomes of 44 isolates. We explored the evolutionary history of NLPs using Bayesian phylogeny, gene genealogies, and selection analyses. We accessed the expression profiles of the NLP genes during the early phase of C. cassiicola-soybean interaction. Three NLP putative-effector genes (Cc_NLP1.1, Cc_NLP1.2A, and Cc_NLP1.2B) were maintained in the genomes of all isolates tested. An NLP putative-non-effector gene (Cc_NLP1.3) was found in three isolates that had been originally obtained from soybean. Putative-effector NLPs were under different selective constraints: Cc_NLP1.1 was under stronger selective pressure, while Cc_NLP1.2A was under a more relaxed constraint. Meanwhile, Cc_NLP1.2B likely evolved under either positive or balancing selection. Despite highly divergent, the putative-effector NLPs maintain conserved the residues necessary to trigger plant immune responses, suggesting they are potentially functional. Only the Cc_NLP1.1 putative-effector gene was significantly expressed at the early hours of soybean colonization, while Cc_NLP1.2A and Cc_NLP1.2B showed much lower levels of gene expression.

Frequency-Following Response and Auditory Behavior in Children with Prenatal Exposure to the Zika Virus

Abstract Introduction Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can impair neurodevelopment and cause auditory damage. Objective To analyze the frequency-following response (FFR) and the auditory behavior (with the LittlEars® questionnaire) of children with and without prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection. Methods A total of 30 children participated in the present study, divided into 3 groups: 10 children with microcephaly and prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; 10 normocephalic children with prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; and 10 children with no evidence of prenatal exposure to the virus. The FFR test was performed with the /da/ syllable. The LittlEars® questionnaire was used with parents/guardians. Results For the FFR measurements, there was no difference between the groups. The children with exposure to the Zika virus presented a final score in the questionnaire below what is expected from children with normal hearing. A significant difference was observed for the final, semantic, and expressive scores between the group with microcephaly and the other groups. A strong negative correlation was seen between the LittlEars® questionnaire final score and the FFR measurements for the group with microcephaly when compared with the other groups. Conclusion Children exposed to the Zika virus, with and without microcephaly, presented FFR patterns similar to what was seen in children with no evidence of virus exposure. However, they showed signs of immature auditory behavior, suggesting auditory development delay.

Frequency-Following Response and Auditory Behavior in Children with Prenatal Exposure to the Zika Virus.

Introduction Prenatal exposure to the Zika virus can impair neurodevelopment and cause auditory damage. Objective To analyze the frequency-following response (FFR) and the auditory behavior (with the LittlEars ® questionnaire) of children with and without prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection. Methods A total of 30 children participated in the present study, divided into 3 groups: 10 children with microcephaly and prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; 10 normocephalic children with prenatal exposure to the Zika virus; and 10 children with no evidence of prenatal exposure to the virus. The FFR test was performed with the /da/ syllable. The LittlEars ® questionnaire was used with parents/guardians. Results For the FFR measurements, there was no difference between the groups. The children with exposure to the Zika virus presented a final score in the questionnaire below what is expected from children with normal hearing. A significant difference was observed for the final, semantic, and expressive scores between the group with microcephaly and the other groups. A strong negative correlation was seen between the LittlEars ® questionnaire final score and the FFR measurements for the group with microcephaly when compared with the other groups. Conclusion Children exposed to the Zika virus, with and without microcephaly, presented FFR patterns similar to what was seen in children with no evidence of virus exposure. However, they showed signs of immature auditory behavior, suggesting auditory development delay.

Gluteoplastia com enxerto de gordura: experiência em 137 pacientes / Gluteoplasty with fat grafting: experience in 137 patients

Introdução: O conceito da estética feminina vem apresentando mudanças, com forte influência dos padrões culturais e regionais. Glúteos e mamas são as principais regiões enfatizadas, principalmente na América Latina. Diante disto, a lipoenxertia glútea adquire uma importância crescente. Neste trabalho, objetivamos estudar os resultados deste procedimento e suas complicações, sugerir uma classificação do formato dos glúteos e padronização de áreas a serem tratadas com a lipoenxertia. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, realizado de janeiro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2020, com seguimento pós-operatório mínimo de 6 meses. Foi utilizada a técnica tumescente para obtenção da gordura, tratada por decantação, e injetada com seringa e cânula via sulco interglúteo e sulco subglúteo. Resultados: Dos 146 pacientes, nove foram excluídos, restando 137, sendo 132 mulheres e cinco homens. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 34,1 anos e o índice de massa corporal médio foi de 27,2Kg/m2. O formato de glúteo predominante foi o trapezoide (52,5%) e o volume médio de gordura injetado nos glúteos foi de 510,8ml no lado direito e 580,5ml no esquerdo, sendo as áreas central e lateral do glúteo as mais enxertadas. Quanto às complicações, a assimetria ocorreu em 3,65% dos pacientes, bolhas na pele em 2,9% e dor crônica em 2,2% deles. Conclusão: É um procedimento seguro com baixa incidência de complicações, quando é respeitada a restrição ao subcutâneo como plano de lipoenxertia, e de alta satisfação para os pacientes. A classificação e padronização sugeridas podem auxiliar a aprendizagem do procedimento.

Introduction: The concept of female aesthetics has been changing, strongly influenced by cultural and regional patterns. Buttocks and breasts are the main regions emphasized, especially in Latin America. Then, gluteal fat grafting becomes increasingly important. In this article, we aim to study the results of this procedure and its complications, suggest a classification of the shape of the buttocks and standardize areas to be treated with fat grafting. Methods: This is a prospective study realized from January 2018 to February 2020, and there was a follow-up of the patients for 6 months of postoperative. The surgical technique was tumescent to get fat, and decantation was the method to prepare the graft, which was injected through the intergluteal and subgluteal folds. Results: Of 146 patients, nine were excluded, remaining 137, of which 132 were women, and four were men. The mean age of patients was 34.1 years, and the mean body mass index was 27.2Kg/m2. The predominant gluteal shape was the trapezoid (52.5%), and the average volume of fat injected into the buttocks was 510.8ml on the right side and 580.5ml on the left, with the central and lateral gluteal areas being the most grafted. As for complications, asymmetry occurred in 3.65% of patients, skin blister in 2.9% and chronic pain in 2.2% of them. Conclusion: It is a safe procedure with a low incidence of complication when the fat grafting respects the subcutaneous plane, and this procedure has high patient satisfaction.

Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in cochlear implant users: a systematic review of acquisition parameters, analysis, and outcomes. / Frequency-Following Response (FFR) em usuários de implante coclear: uma revisão sistemática dos parâmetros de aquisição, análise e resultados.

PURPOSE: To characterize the acquisition parameters, analysis, and results of the frequency-following response (FFR) in cochlear implant users. RESEARCH STRATEGIES: The search was conducted in Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Ovid Technologies, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies on FFR in cochlear implant users or that compared them with normal-hearing people, with no restriction of age, were included. Secondary and experimental studies were excluded. There was no restriction of language or year of publication. DATA ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed and reported according to the stages in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 2020. The methodological quality was analyzed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Divergences were solved by a third researcher. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was comparative, whose control group comprised normal-hearing people. The variations in acquisition parameters were common and the analysis predominantly approached the time domain. Cochlear implant users had different FFR results from those of normal-hearing people, considering the existing literature. Most articles had low methodological quality. CONCLUSION: There is no standardized FFR acquisition and analysis protocol for cochlear implant users. The results have a high risk of bias.

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os parâmetros de aquisição, análise e resultados do exame Frequency Following Response (FFR) em usuários de implante coclear. ESTRATÉGIA DE PESQUISA: As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Cochrane Library, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Ovid Technologies, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science e na literatura cinzenta. CRITÉRIOS DE SELEÇÃO: Foram incluídos estudos sobre o FFR em usuários de implante coclear ou que os comparassem à indivíduos com audição normal, sem restrição de idade. Foram excluídos estudos secundários e experimentais. Não houve restrição de idioma e ano de publicação. ANÁLISE DOS DADOS: Os dados foram analisados e redigidos de acordo com as etapas do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse (PRISMA) 2020. Para análise da qualidade metodológica foi utilizado o instrumento Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. As divergências foram resolvidas por um terceiro pesquisador. RESULTADOS: Seis estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Apenas um estudo foi do tipo comparativo com grupo controle de indivíduos com audição normal. As variações nos parâmetros de aquisição foram comuns e as análises predominaram no domínio do tempo. Usuários de implante coclear apresentaram diferenças nos resultados do FFR quando comparados a indivíduos com audição normal, considerando a literatura existente. A maioria dos artigos teve baixa qualidade metodológica. CONCLUSÃO: Não existe padronização de um protocolo de aquisição e análise para o FFR em usuários de implante coclear. Os resultados são de alto risco de viés.

Frequency-Following Response (FFR) em usuários de implante coclear: uma revisão sistemática dos parâmetros de aquisição, análise e resultados / Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in cochlear implant users: a systematic review of acquisition parameters, analysis, and outcomes

RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar os parâmetros de aquisição, análise e resultados do exame Frequency Following Response (FFR) em usuários de implante coclear. Estratégia de pesquisa As buscas foram realizadas nas bases Cochrane Library, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Ovid Technologies, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science e na literatura cinzenta. Critérios de seleção Foram incluídos estudos sobre o FFR em usuários de implante coclear ou que os comparassem à indivíduos com audição normal, sem restrição de idade. Foram excluídos estudos secundários e experimentais. Não houve restrição de idioma e ano de publicação. Análise dos dados Os dados foram analisados e redigidos de acordo com as etapas do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyse (PRISMA) 2020. Para análise da qualidade metodológica foi utilizado o instrumento Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross Sectional Studies. As divergências foram resolvidas por um terceiro pesquisador. Resultados Seis estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Apenas um estudo foi do tipo comparativo com grupo controle de indivíduos com audição normal. As variações nos parâmetros de aquisição foram comuns e as análises predominaram no domínio do tempo. Usuários de implante coclear apresentaram diferenças nos resultados do FFR quando comparados a indivíduos com audição normal, considerando a literatura existente. A maioria dos artigos teve baixa qualidade metodológica. Conclusão Não existe padronização de um protocolo de aquisição e análise para o FFR em usuários de implante coclear. Os resultados são de alto risco de viés.

ABSTRACT Purpose To characterize the acquisition parameters, analysis, and results of the frequency-following response (FFR) in cochlear implant users. Research strategies The search was conducted in Cochrane Library, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Ovid Technologies, PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature. Selection criteria Studies on FFR in cochlear implant users or that compared them with normal-hearing people, with no restriction of age, were included. Secondary and experimental studies were excluded. There was no restriction of language or year of publication. Data analysis The data were analyzed and reported according to the stages in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), 2020. The methodological quality was analyzed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Divergences were solved by a third researcher. Results Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Only one study was comparative, whose control group comprised normal-hearing people. The variations in acquisition parameters were common and the analysis predominantly approached the time domain. Cochlear implant users had different FFR results from those of normal-hearing people, considering the existing literature. Most articles had low methodological quality. Conclusion There is no standardized FFR acquisition and analysis protocol for cochlear implant users. The results have a high risk of bias.

Effects of musical improvisation as a cognitive and motor intervention for the elderly / Efeitos da improvisação musical como intervenção cognitiva e motora para idosos

Music has been debated as a positive factor for the health of elderly people. In a randomized study, the researchers compared an intervention based on percussion and musical improvisation with a choir activity. The objective was to investigate whether improvisation would influence the executive functioning and motor skills of healthy elderly people. A set of instruments for psychological and motor assessment was used before and after the procedure. Differences were found in the performance of the participants of the improvisation group in the Clock Drawing Test suggesting possible gains in executive function. There were gains, regardless of the group, in part A of the Trail Making Test, which indicates a sustained attention. No evidence of motor effects was found in this study. The results suggest that musical activities can contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline caused by aging.

A música tem sido discutida como fator promotor da saúde do idoso. Em um estudo randomizado, uma intervenção baseada em exercícios de percussão e improvisação foi comparada a uma atividade de canto coral. O objetivo foi investigar os efeitos sobre o funcionamento executivo e motor de idosos saudáveis. Um conjunto de instrumentos de avaliação psicológica e motora foi aplicado antes e depois da intervenção. Foram encontradas diferenças no desempenho do grupo de improvisação no Teste de Desenho do Relógio sugerindo possíveis ganhos executivos. Houve ganhos independentes de grupo na parte A do Teste de Trilhas, que avalia a atenção sustentada. Não foram verificadas evidências de efeitos motores. Os resultados indicam que atividades musicais podem contribuir na prevenção do declínio cognitivo decorrente do envelhecimento.

Síndrome de Guillain-Barré e hiponatremia / Guillain-Barré syndrome and hyponatraemia

No disponible

Avaliação do potencial citogenotóxico de Zingiber officinale Roscoe (gengibre), Zingiberaceae / Evaluation of the cytogenotoxic potential of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae (ginger)

Introdução: A história da civilização humana está intimamente relacionada à utilização de plantas para prevenção e tratamento de doenças. Dentre as plantas utilizadas pela medicinal tradicional está o Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), que apresenta-se também como uma espécie promissora no combate ao câncer. Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial citotóxico e genotóxico de extratos aquosos e hidroalcoólico de Z. officinale. Métodos: Bulbos de Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) foram submetidos ao tratamento descontínuo e, após o enraizamento, transferidos para cinco concentrações dos extratos de Z. officinale , para o controle negativo (água destilada) e para o controle positivo (glifosato 1 %). O experimento foi mantido em câmara de germinação, com temperatura controlada (± 25 °C) e ausência de luz, por um período de 48 horas após exposição aos extratos. Resultados: O índice mitótico foi afetado por todas as concentrações e extratos testados, diferindo significativamente do controle negativo. O extrato hidroalcoólico promoveu maior redução no índice mitótico, não diferindo estatisticamente do controle positivo. A quantidade de células com anormalidades e aberrações cromossômicas foi pequena e não significativa. Conclusão: A espécie apresenta potencial para pesquisas relacionadas à prevenção e ao tratamento de tumores e os resultados obtidos reiteram a importância de estudos sobre a toxicidade de plantas medicinais e a orientação para utilização adequada pela medicina tradicional.

Introduction: The history of human civilization is closely linked to the use of plants for disease prevention and treatment. One of the plants used in traditional medicine is Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae), which is also a promising species against cancer. Objective: Evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of Z. officinale aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. Methods: Allium cepa L. (Amaryllidaceae) bulbs were subjected to discontinuous treatment and after rooting they were transferred to five different concentrations of Z. officinale extracts. Distilled water was used as negative control and 1 % glyphosate as positive control. The experiment was kept in a germination chamber at controlled temperature (± 25 °C) and absence of light for a period of 48 hours after exposure to the extracts. Results: The mitotic index was affected by all the concentrations and extracts tested, and it was significantly different from the negative control. The hydroalcoholic extract caused a greater reduction in the mitotic index, but it was not statistically different from the positive control. The number of cells with chromosomal abnormalities and aberrations was small and non-significant. Conclusions: The study species is a potential topic for future research about tumor prevention and treatment. The results obtained confirm the importance of further studies on the toxicity of medicinal plants and the indications for their appropriate use in traditional medicine.

Sanitary status of public school food services in Maceió (Alagoas, Brazil), 2013

The risk of foodborne illnesses is related to incorrect food handling practices and food service infrastructure and equipment. This study aimed to assess the sanitary status of the food services of public schools in Maceió. The services of 40 of 121 schools were chosen by simple random sampling. The assessment used a good-practices checklist containing all of the rules in Resolution 216/04 of the National Sanitary Surveillance Agency. The possible answers were "in compliance" and "not in compliance," which were then considered to determine the compliance of the service with the above-mentioned Resolution. The services were classified as: critical (≤ 30%), unsatisfactory (31 to 49%), regular (50 to 69%), satisfactory (70 to 89%), and excellent (≥ 90%). Not one service achieved regular, satisfactory, or excellent compliance; 23 (57.5%) and 17 (42.5%) presented with unsatisfactory and critical compliance, respectively. The main problems were bad infrastructure and poor food-handling practices. The services do not comply with the norms for safe food production. This situation demands urgent action from the professionals and managers.

Objetivou-se avaliar os aspectos higiênico-sanitários dos serviços de alimentação dos estabelecimentos públicos de ensino fundamental de Maceió, Estado de Alagoas, Brasil. De um total de 121 escolas, 40 foram selecionadas por sorteio simples e tiveram seus serviços avaliados. Para isso, utilizou-se um checklist de boas práticas baseado na Resolução 216/04 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, constando 83 questões referentes aos aspectos higiênico-sanitários, cujas respostas, "conforme" ou "não conforme", determinam o percentual de adequação do serviço. De acordo com este percentual, os serviços foram classificados nas seguintes categorias: crítico (≤ 30%), insatisfatório (31 a 49%), regular (50 a 69%), satisfatório (70 a 89%) e excelente (≥ 90%). Nenhum serviço atingiu a condição de regular, satisfatório ou excelente, sendo que 23 (57,5%) serviços apresentaram nível insatisfatório e 17 (42,5%) nível crítico. As principais inconformidades relacionaram-se às condições de infraestrutura e à baixa qualificação dos funcionários no que se refere às boas práticas de manipulação de alimentos. Os serviços estudados não atendem às normas de produção de alimento seguro, situação que constitui uma violação ao direito humano à alimentação adequada e demanda providências urgentes por parte dos profissionais e gestores envolvidos com a alimentação, nutrição e com a saúde dos escolares da capital alagoana.

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DO CAMARÃO ESPIGÃO (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, HELLER, 1862) IN NATURA E DEFUMADO / EVALUATION OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF THE IN NATURA AND SMOKED "SPIKE" SHRIMP (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, HELLER, 1862)

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química do camarão espigão (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) in natura e defumado, procedente da região do Pontal do Peba, Alagoas. Foram determinados os teores de umidade, cinzas, cloretos e pH do camarão nas formas in natura e beneficiada, efetuando-se as contagens de S. coagulase (+) (UFC/g), Salmonella sp. (UFC/g) e de coliformes a 45°C (NMP/g). Os resultados obtidos nas análises físico-químicas para o camarão in natura e beneficiado foram, respectivamente, umidade de 77,87% e 40,32%, cinzas de 1,73% e 14,03%; cloretos 0,81 e 10,58. Conclui-se que o beneficiamento favoreceu alterações significativas (p<0,01) no camarão. O pH do camarão in natura (7.3) mostrou-se estatisticamente semelhante ao encontrado no defumado (7.37). Duas amostras foram consideradas impróprias microbiologicamente, devido à elevada contagem de S. coagulase (+), revelando a importância de maior controle na produção e comercialização desse produto. Torna-se necessário, então, a definição de critérios e padrões físico-químicos para a elaboração de camarão defumado e melhoria nas condições higiênicas de sua manipulação.

Leite cru de regiões leiteiras: perspectivas de atendimento dos requisitos estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa nº 51/2002 / Raw milk from dairy regions: the perspectives to comply with the requirements established by the Normative Instruction nº 51/2002

Com o objetivo de avaliar se o leite cru oriundo da bacia leiteira de Alagoas estaria em condições de cumprir com os padrões estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa nº 51/2002 (IN51), 165 amostras foram coletadas diretamente de tanques coletivos de armazenamento. Foram realizadas análises quanto aos parâmetros microbiológicos (contagens de bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas) de acordo com a metodologia recomendada pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (SDA 62/2003), e os parâmetros físico-químicos (acidez, índice de crioscopia e densidade) segundo as técnicas analíticas descritas pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Cento e nove (66,1%) amostras estavam em desacordo quanto ao padrão microbiológico e 74 (44,9%) quanto às determinações físico-químicas estabelecidas pela IN51. Sugere-se a adoção de programas regionais de assistência aos produtores leiteiros a fim de efetivar os ajustes necessários para atendimento dos requisitos estabelecidos pela IN51.

Influência dos procedimentos de fabricação nas características físico-químicas, sensoriais e microbiológicas de queijo de coalho / Influence of the production procedures on the physic-chemical, sensory and microbiological characteristics of coalho cheese

Neste estudo foi avaliada a influência dos procedimentos de fabricação nas características físico-químicas sensoriais e microbiológicas do queijo de coalho preparado com leite cru e leite pasteurizado, em laticínios do sertão de Alagoas. A produção do queijo foi acompanhada in loco em três laticínios, onde foram elaborados os fluxogramas e coletadas as amostras para realização de análises microbiológicas (coliformes a 35°C, coliformes termotolerantes, bolores e leveduras, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella spp.), físico-químicas (pH, acidez, gordura, cinzas, umidade, proteína totale cloretos) e sensoriais (aparência, odor, textura/sensação na boca e sabor). As análises sensoriais indicaram discrepâncias entre as amostras dos três laticínios, provavelmente pelo uso de distintos procedimentos de processamento principalmente nas etapas de salga, pasteurização e aquecimento da massa. As análises físico-químicas indicaram serem os queijos do tipo semi-gordo a gordo e de média a alta umidade. As condições higiênico-sanitárias do produto final foram consideradas insatisfatórias em função da contagem de E. coli e Staphylococcus coagulase positiva, apesar da ausência de Salmonella spp. e L. monocytogenes. Os dados sugerem a necessidade de padronização no processo de fabricação do queijo coalho e implantação de programas de melhoria da qualidade e segurança de alimentos.

This study evaluated the influence of the production procedures on physic-chemical, sensorial and microbiological characteristics of “coalho cheese”, a rennet coagulated cheese, produced with raw and pasteurized milk by dairy companies in Alagoas state, Brazil. Samples were collected from three dairy plants and “coalho” cheese processing flow chart was checked in loco. Samples were analyzed on microbiological quality (enumeration of coliforms at 35°C, thermotolerants coliforms, Escherichia coli, yeasts and molds, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus; detection of Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp.), physic-chemical characteristics (pH, titrable acidity, fat contents, ashes, moisture, total protein and chloride contents) and sensorial (appearance, odor, texture/mouth feeling and flavor). Samples from the three dairy plants presented different sensorial characteristics. This could be explained by differences in processing procedures employed by them, namely milk pasteurization, salting, and curd heating. All the samples were characterized as high moisture semi-fat to fat cheeses. The samples presented low microbiological quality because of the high E. coli and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus counts. Neither Salmonella nor Listeria monocytogenes were detected. It is suggested to establish a standardized process for “coalho cheese” production and to implement a pre-requisite program for improving the product quality and safety.

Indicadores hospitalares: monitoramento e análise do cancelamento das cirurgias pactuadas do HU/CAS - UFJF com o PRO-HOSP / Hospital management indicators: monitoring and analysis of the cancellation of surgeries in the HU/ CAS - UFJF under the PRO-HOSP

Este estudo aborda a problemática dos cancelamentos de cirurgias no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (HU/CAS-UFJF) e tem o intuito de detectar, através de monitoramento, as principais causas de suspensão das cirurgias pactuadas com o Programa de Fortalecimento e Melhoria da Qualidade dos Hospitais do SUS/MG (PRO-HOSP). O PRO-HOSP é um programa do governo de Minas Gerais que visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento do parque hospitalar no estado, amparado por uma estratégia de contratualização. Deste modo, faz-se necessário o monitoramento das cirurgias pactuadas, a fim de que o HU/CAS-UFJF não perca nenhum recurso financeiro. O monitoramento foi realizado no centro cirúrgico do hospital, durante três meses consecutivos em 2008, através do preenchimento de um formulário de cancelamento das cirurgias das especialidades pactuadas com o governo estadual. Ao finalizar a pesquisa, verificou-se que a principal causa de cancelamento no hospital está relacionada a problemas relativos à organização dos serviços, mais especificamente com problemas de validade dos exames pré-operatórios, sendo a otorrinolaringologia a especialidade médica que apresentou o maior número de procedimentos cirúrgicos cancelados.

This study addresses the problem of surgery cancelations in the University Hospital of The Federal University of Juiz de Fora (HU/CAS-UFJF) and has the purpose of detecting, by means of a monitoring scheme, the major causes for the hanging up of surgeries scheduled under the Program for The Empowerment and Improvement of Hospitals' Quality from the SUS/MG (PRO-HOSP). The PRO-HOSP is a public program of the state of Minas Gerais that aims to develop a health care complex based on contractualization. Therefore, it becomes necessary to monitor the surgery which were scheduled so as the HU/CAS-UFJF undergoes no financial losses. The monitoring was conducted in the surgery department of the hospital by filling a form for cancellation of surgery scheduled withthe state government through the PRO-HOSP for three consecutive months of 2008. At the end of the survey, it was found that the main cause of cancellation in the hospital is related to problems concerning the organization of services, more precisely exams problems, and that otorinolaringology the medical area presenting the largest number of cancelled surgery procedures.

Salmonella sp em ovos e carcaças de frango in natura comercializadas em Maceió, AL / Salmonella sp in eggs and carcasses of frango in natura traded in Maceió, AL

Salmonella é um dos enteropatógenos mais envolvidos em casos e surtos de origem alimentar em diversos países, inclusive o Brasil. Surtos e casos esporádicos de infecção por Salmonella têm sido associados com uma variedade de alimentos, sendo ovos, carnes de aves, suínos, bovinos e vegetais os mais freqüentes. Assim, considerando o risco que este patógeno apresenta para saúde pública, objetivou-se no presente trabalho avaliar a ocorrência de Salmonella sp em ovos e carcaças de frango in natura produzidas e comercializadas em Maceió-AL. Para isso, foram coletadas 80 amostras em diferentes pontos comerciais da cidade, sendo 50 amostras de ovos comerciais de fornecedores distintos e 30 amostras de carcaças de frango in natura. A metodologia empregada foi de acordo com Silva, Junqueira & Silveira, 1997. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que nenhuma bactéria do gênero Salmonella foi detectada nas amostras de ovos analisadas e que 43 por cento das amostras de carcaças de frango analisadas apresentaram-se contaminadas por Salmonella sp. A presença deste patógeno revela além das más observadas nos estabelecimentos, a aquisição provavelmente de matéria-prima contaminada. Portanto, recomenda-se que as amostras de frango sejam consumidas cozidas para evitar o risco de contaminação por Salmonella e que a indústria avícola adote boas práticas para garantir a qualidade sanitária de seus produtos.